Setup
Modified full results
- Removed several individuals/populations
- Recent American/Australian composite breeds (Santa Gertrudis, Beefmaster, and Droughtmaster)
- “East African Zebu” with quality issues in fastSTRUCTURE and PCA
- Consolidated several populations
- All domestic yak breeds
- All gayal populations
- All Podolian Steppe breeds (Podolica, Maremmana, Boskarin, Sikias)
- Combined Lowline Angus with Angus
- Combined miniature Hereford with Hereford
- Removed all remaining populations with fewer than 5 individuals excluding Asian steppe breeds (Chaidamu Yellow) and the consolidated Podolian Steppe population
The resulting dataset has 2,167 individuals:
Base tree

m = 1

m = 2

Cattle only
- Same consolidations and removals as in full dataset, rooted with gayal
Base tree

m = 1

m = 2